SOLID principles, introduced by Robert C. Martin, aim to improve flexibility, maintainability, and scalability in software design. The Single Responsibility Principle advocates that a class should have only one reason to change, promoting clearer, more maintainable code. The Open/Closed Principle encourages extending existing code rather than modifying it, enhancing scalability and reducing risks. The Liskov Substitution Principle ensures that subclasses can replace their base classes without affecting program correctness, maintaining consistency and reliability. The Interface Segregation Principle suggests using multiple specific interfaces over a single broad interface, increasing flexibility and clarity. The Dependency Inversion Principle states that high-level modules should not directly depend on low-level modules, promoting abstraction and reducing coupling. By adhering to these principles, code becomes clearer, more flexible, and easier to maintain.