WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables real-time audio, video calls, and data transmission between web browsers and mobile applications through a simple API, without the need for plugins or third-party software. The WebRTC connection establishment process involves multiple steps, including initialization, Offer/Answer exchange, ICE candidate exchange, connection establishment, and data channel communication. The core components of WebRTC include Signaling Server, RTCPeerConnection, Offer and Answer, Description, and Channel. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) plays a crucial role in resolving network connectivity issues, addressing NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery. ICE candidates, STUN servers, and TURN servers are essential components of the ICE, facilitating candidate gathering, exchange, and connectivity testing. ICE is vital for WebRTC to function in complex network environments and enables direct peer-to-peer communication.