WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables real-time audio, video calls, and peer-to-peer data transfer on web browsers and mobile apps through a simple API without the need for plugins or third-party software. The WebRTC connection establishment process involves multiple steps including signaling server interaction, offer/answer exchange, ICE candidate exchange, connection establishment, and data channel communication. WebRTC core components like signaling server, RTCPeerConnection, offer/answer, session description, and channels play vital roles in establishing and managing connections. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) is a key technology in WebRTC for resolving network connectivity issues, such as NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery. ICE comprises candidates, STUN servers, and TURN servers, with a workflow involving candidate collection, exchange, connectivity checks, and path selection. This technology is crucial for WebRTC to function in complex network environments. An example of a WebRTC-based peer-to-peer chat application is provided for practical understanding.